What does it take for local entrepreneurs to effectively compete in South Africa? What factors affect entry and participation in sectors where established firms have existed for years? And with what impact? Addressing these questions, Opening the South African Economy highlights the challenges posed by concentration, inequality, and exclusion across the country's economy. Following an assessment of the current state of the economy, detailed case studies recount the experiences—good and bad—of well-known South African entrant firms in areas critical for facilitating economic growth. The authors then reflect on the role that government policies can play in achieving a more open, inclusive, and competitive economy; the use (and misuse) of specific policy tools; and possible paths forward.