This study provides a comprehensive overview of Iwano Homei's life and his distinctive body of literary work. Iwano Homei (1873-1920) was the first Japanese writer to concern himself rhetorically with the question of presenting the point of view within a narration. His works and theories of literature remain largely unknown and unstudied in the West. He is infrequently included in studies of Japanese literature, and only one of his novels has been translated into a Western language, Czech. Iwano's writings reflect his central theory of "monistic narration" (ichigen byosha). This sense of the momentary became a philosophy of life. For Iwano, "literature" and "action" were of equal value. He saw literature and art "as the most individual and most momentary of activities, both capable of bringing to life the symbolic mystic world." Both as a poet and novelist, Iwano's writing centred on his egocentricity, his fanatical nationalism and his belief in monogamy. The book then introduces the reader to Iwano's theory of literature, its development and content, as well as reactions to the theory. Lastly, Iwano's theories are placed within a larger context, compared with traditional Japanese and Western theories concerning point of view within a narration, as found in the work of, for instance, Henry James.

Does rationality, the intellectual bedrock of all science, apply to the study of religion? Religion, arguably the most subjective area of human behaviour, has particular challenges associated with its study. Attracting crowd-healers, conjurers, the pious and the prophetic alongside comparativists and sceptics, it excites opinions and generalisations whilst seldom explicitly staking out the territory for the discussions in which it partakes. Increasingly, scholars argue that religious study needs to define and critique its own field, and to distinguish itself from theology and other non-objective disciplines. Yet how can rational techniques be applied to beliefs and states of mind regarded by some as beyond the scope of human reason? Can these be made empirically testable, or comparable and replicable within academic communities? Can science explicate religion without reducing it to mere superstition, or redefine its truth in some empirical but meaningful way? Featuring contributions from leading international experts including Donald Wiebe, Roger Trigg and Michael Pye, Rationality and the Study of Religion gets under the surface of the religious studies discipline to expose the ideologies beneath. Reopening debate in a neglected yet philosophically significant field, it questions the role of rationality in religious anthropology, natural history and anti-scientific theologies, with implications not only for supposedly objective disciplines but for our deepest attitudes to personal experience. 'Interesting and important.

These eleven essays by historians, political scientists, sociologists and anthropologists establish a foundation for appreciating the political history of Central Europe. By examining the political landscape in each country, the contributors aim to evoke the legacy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and bridge the gap between the two extreme images of Central European history. Specific topics presented include: the lost dimensions of social movements and classes; the relationship between the concepts of "nation" and "state"; Austrian democracy; party system development; the myth of Czech liberalism; the Sudeten-German problem; Slovak politics; the regime change in Hungary; and the relationship between democracy and organised interests. By focusing on the consequences of past regime types, social structures and cultural contexts for democractic development, this volume presents a significant base from which future scholars can proceed on a country-by-country analysis.

This splendid volume provides an interdisciplinary overview of the Middle East from age-old enmities to discussions of current political concerns. In forty-four essays, an international assemblage of scholars, politicians, and experts address the problems of Palestine and Israel; Iran, Syria and Iraq; Turkey; and the Kurdish regions. Concerned with questions of national, religious, or ethnic identification, the authors touch on topics from the definition of the "Middle East", the Salman Rushdie fatwa, the constancy of the Mosque as an institution, mass murders in Iraq, the role of women, the crises affecting the Assyrian Chaldean-Syriacs, torture in Iran, and the peace process. Comprehensive chapters chart the politics, ethnicity, and history of Turkey.

This multidisciplinary collection of essays represents studies on Japan and Korea mainly from the Nordic countries, but also from other parts of Europe, and from the USA, Canada, Korea and Japan. The full range of contemporary Japanese studies is covered, from history, literature and philosophy to sociology, political science and linguistics. Within each discipline there is a diversity of offerings. Also represented are essays on the Korean language and on the Ryukyuan language.

The contributors to this volume seek to decipher the Hellenistic citizens' views on vital elements of their society: the city, the ruler, religion, magic and astrology, everyday life and social relations (family and gender), morality, uses of the past, and the iconography of death. How did the changes in political and social ideas affect actions and practices, which in turn again altered concepts? Moreover, the authors distinguish between the views of the common people and the elite, the evidence from inscriptions (seen as popular sentiment) and the evidence from literature (from the elite). The authors' conclusions have broad ramifications for future scholars in a field that has not hitherto received much attention. This volume is essential reading on the early development of individualism and the history of ideas.

This handbook aims at imparting the grammatical facts, as well an awareness of linguistic structure. It is organised according to linguistic structure and has all the detailed information of a reference work. Explicit clause and phrase analyses are employed throughout. A structure-function handbook, it also introduces a number of concepts important to communicative language teaching. The grammar text should stimulate students' interest in grammar by providing options explained in semantic and pragmatic terms. It is intended for advanced students, whether native speakers or foreign learners. It works well with both British and American English, and differences are pointed out systematically.

This is a systematic presentation of Danish political attitudes and voting behaviour. Based on a study of the country's 1994 election and interviews with 2000 voters, the book also draws on the results of previous elections and surveys of Danish political attitudes and voting choices during the past ten to 20 years. The book describes the political development, seen from the perspective of the voter, of a country that has attracted international attention several times: in reluctant support of NATO and in the European Community referendum. The authors describe the origin and history of the Danish party system, before analysing the issue of declining class voting and the rise of a new 'middle class', issues of generational change, and concern about immigration and the environment.

The contributors to this volume about Byzantine chant use different approaches to uncover the early development and transmission of the tradition, its constancy and permutations. Considerations include a recent attempt to establish a new date for the "Round notation", one of the earliest transcriptions, and an ethnomusicological study of a religious chant from the island of Zakynthos that may provide clues to specific features of medieval Byzantine intonations. Other articles deal with aspects of Byzantine chants from the 12th century, through the fall of the Empire in 1453 and into the 20th century. Musical examples throughout the text underscore the authors' theories and illuminate the beauty of the medium.

The purpose of law is to regulate various aspects of social life. Most theories of law elevate just one of these functions of the law to a universal or supreme level, whilst turning a blind eye to the others. Stig Jørgensen argues that any plausible theory of law must take into account all relationships of law, covering language interpretation of rules and facts, contradiction and arbitrariness, teleological legal argumentation, concept of equality, and morality. The concept of Justice is later isolated showing the primary human need to believe in a final weighing up of one's actions or failures.

The reign of Catherine the Great (1762-1796) marks a high point in the history of Imperial Russia. Contacts with the West, begun in the days of Peter the Great (1682-1725), were intensified, and Western European art and culture pervaded the lifestyle of the Imperial court, the landed aristocracy and urban élite. One field where Western influence was strongly felt was gardening aesthetics. The regal symmetry of French absolutism was imitated in the gardens of the great Imperial palaces. The British garden tradition, too, found new forms of expression, abandoning the romantic lushness of the English landscape garden for a more austere use of colours better suited to the brief summers and severe winters of central Russia.

CONTENTS: The Welcome to Denmark; To an Admirable Teacher; The British Tradition -- In the Ambush of My Name: A Discussion of Measure for Measure; Is All Well That Ends Well? A Historical Reconstruction of All's Well That Ends; Dr. Johnson and the Martial Spirit; Fanny Burney's 'Styles'; Domesticating Science: The Liberal Politics of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein; Modern Voices -- An Allotropic Triangle in D. H. Lawrence's Women in Love: The Philosophical and Psychological Genesis of the Gerald-Gudrun-Loerke Relationship; A World of His Own: Dreams in Graham Greene's Novels; Making Sense of the Past for the Present: Colm Toibin and Post-Nationalist Ireland; 'The Canadian Winter is a Real Blessing' or How Canada was Sold to Danish Emigrants in the 1920s; Jack London: 'Impassioned Realism' and the Marketplace; Conceptions of Mystery in Eudora Welty and Flannery O'Connor; The Critical Perspective -- Criticism and Aesthetics: The Status of the Example; On the Dynamics of Harold Bloom's Agonistic Canon; Tabula Gratulatoria.

In chronological order, recounting the interplay of political, social and economic factors, the author brings a unique understanding of the individual and combined roles in forming this great empire. Moreover, Rome's history is presented form two perspectives, both from that of the Romans throughout the Empire's existence, and from that of the present, as posterity has tried to understand what happened. The narrative throughout this work will provide the reader with a rare insight into what is understandably referred to as 'the eternal city'.

Basing this study of South Scandinavia's Maglemosian economy on a selection of the faunal assemblages of the period, this book uses spatial analysis and multivariate correspondence analysis to draw together theories on human movements of the time.

Mosses of Amazonian Ecuador