In this, the first of six volumes, the main results of the excavations which the University of Oslo carried out at Kaupang 1998-2003 are presented. A completely new picture is put forward of the port that the adventurer Ohthere visited in c. 890. It is now clear that Kaupang was one of the four Scandinavian towns that were founded around the year 800. Kaupang is connected to the power centre of Skiringssal, to the Ynglings - the legendary Norwegian royal lineage, and to the King of the Danes - the dominant political actor in south-west Scandinavia. Kaupang is shown to have had several of the same features revealed in Birka, Hedeby and Ribe - i.e., a compact permanent settlement, divided into small plots, each with a dwelling. The town could have had 400-800 inhabitants. Substantial traces of trade and craftwork are proof of the main areas of occupation. Advanced geo- and environmental-archaeological analyses have played a large role in interpreting the finds. Documentary sources indicate that Skiringssal was an important royal seat in the 700s and 800s. In the book these sources are put together with the archaeological and toponymical sources which, united, show a centre of power with a clear likeness to similar places in Denmark and Sweden. A hall or sal building, presumably the Skirings-sal itself, was excavated at Huseby, near Kaupang. Nearby, a thing site is situated by a holy lake. In this, the Yngling kings' centre of power, to which many people came to attend thing meetings and sacrificial feasts, the town Kaupang was founded. In nine of the book's 20 chapters, the excavations' finds, analyses and results are presented. In three chapters, 200 years of research on Kaupang and Skiringssal are summarised, while in the remaining eight chapters an endeavour is made to re-establish the holistic approach to Skiringssal which dominated research during the first 100 years.

The last five years have seen a series of much called for publications on rural Cyprus, but most of the projects address the late Roman period. The excavations at Panayia Ematousa offer the first insight into a rural site of the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. Volume one presents the results of the Danish excavation of the site (1991-1999). Volume two contains a series of contributions discussing neglected issues within the period based in part on the results of the excavations.

Guidance and counselling cover many different professional and research areas, all in relation to helping people finding directions in life (ie: ways which are meaningful to each individual and fruitful in relation to the wider society). This anthology provides an overview of and an insight into Nordic and in particular Danish guidance and counselling issues. The contributions stretch from career guidance over supervision to philosophical counselling, thus depicting the breadth of the Nordic guidance and counselling field. The authors represent a network of experts within sociology, education, psychology, ethnology, informatics and philosophy -- all focused on guidance and counselling.

Prince Christian Frederik (1786-1848) became King Christian VIII of Denmark in 1839. His accession to the throne took place at the end of Denmark's 'Golden Age' -- a period haunted by national bankruptcy but, notably, due to a few men of vision also a period in which painting, poetry and science developed intensively. Because of his intelligence, energy and patronage of the arts, King Christian VIII became one of the entrepreneurs of Danish cultural life. After his death in 1848, the King's collection became state property and was transferred to the National Museum. In 1998, in commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the King's death, the National Museum arranged a symposium where a series of papers were presented about the King as a collector and about the importance of the collections. This book, lavishly illustrated with photographs of the collection and other artefacts, contains the symposium papers, which have been revised and expanded.

This is the third volume of a periodical that is published every two years on the archaeological activities of the Danish Institute at Athens, and contains articles by scholars in the fields of Greek archaeology, history, philology and literature. This volume reports on prehistoric Tummuli at Portes in Achaea, early Minoan Clay Strips and a sealing at Psathi, an early Etruscan Bronze Throne in Olympia, the Utopia of Xenophon, Cultic theatres and ritual drama in Ancient Greece, Greek theatre building in late classical and Hellenistic times, the gardens and marginal lands of classical Attica, the foundation of Nea Paphos, all in English, and, in French, La collone du Dôdékathéon à Délos (Reconstruction of the columns of the Temple of Twelve Gods on the island of Delos). The section on Greek-Danish Excavations in Aetolian Chalkis 1997-98 contains articles on the excavations on the hill of Haghia Triadha, geological investigations of the area, coins and roof tiles found there and the registration process of finds. Other articles discuss the final Neolithic pottery from the excavation at Pangali on the eastern slope of Mt. Varassova, in 1996 and the recent rescue excavation of the cemetary of Ancient Chalkis.

Text in Danish.

This anthology presents an investigation of how shift work is organised in various European countries. The important role of the participatory bodies is discussed, vis-à-vis the prevention of shift-work related problems. The results of the investigation reveal that while systematic prevention activities do not take place, strengths and weaknesses were to be found in the various processes for employee participation in designing shift schedules. They suggest that good results can be achieved by combining innovative processes based on a regulatory framework that ensures health and safety with formal foundations that ensure employee influence.

This volume is the outcome of an international conference on landscape archaeology. It includes 15 contributions from participants from six different countries, who analyse the territories of the main ancient cities of the west, north and south coasts of the Black Sea region, discussing them also in a comparative, Mediterranean perspective. The particular aim of the conference was to join the forces of Eastern as well as Western researchers in establishing an overview of the relationship between the larger ancient cities and their territories. During the past 40 years this particular field of archaeology has developed into a highly specialised and sophisticated discipline. Based on a systematic sampling strategy, it aims at understanding regions beyond the individual site, frequently on a city-state, regional or landscape level. The methodological debate on this approach that is current in Mediterranean archaeology has, however, only had a limited impact so far on Black Sea region research, with most Western researchers still lacking a fundamental knowledge about Black Sea data and how they are generated.

In 89 BC, Roman legionaries intervened in the Black Sea region to curb the ambitions of Mithridates VI of Pontos. Over the next two centuries, the Roman presence on the Black Sea coast was slowly, but steadily increased. This volume deals with the Roman impact on the indigenous population in the Black Sea region and touches on the theme of romanisation of that area. Nine different contributors discuss several aspects of Roman identity and the cultural interaction -- one article even compares the situation to the American presence in Iraq. Though at the same time, it also looks at the resistance to the Roman Empire and the Roman problems of creating peace in the region after the colonisation. Romanisation and becoming Roman in a Greek world is a very popular field of discussion about which a lot has already has been written. This book, however, encircles three important themes -- the domination, the romanisation and the resistance. It covers two different sides of the Roman presence in the area and shows both the perspective of a Roman just arrived, Pliny the Younger, and a native seeing the Romans coming, the historian Memnon of Herakleia. Furthermore it describes how multi-identity cultures manage to live together because becoming Roman not necessarily means becoming less Greek (or less Gaulish, less Scythian, less Bosporan, etc). The diversity of the different chapters in this book creates reflection on the cultural change in the traditionalist, yet cosmopolitan environment that was the Roman Black Sea Region.

Gunnar Hjelholt described himself as an applied social psychologist and he was one of the pioneers in the development of European group dynamics. In Denmark he was both a mentor and a source of inspiration for a whole generation of organisational psychologists. He died in 2002 at the age of 82. The initiative to write this book was taken at a conference held in his memory, in which Gunnar Hjelholt's Danish and international collaboration partners participated. The book's first section presents an account of Gunnar Hjelholt based on a series of earlier interviews which the editors had with him. Two long articles draw a fascinating double portrait: partly of an enthusiastic and ardent professional, and partly of the group dynamics movement on which Hjelholt, with his untiring energy, honesty and uncompromising principles, set his definitive mark. In the book's second section, this double portrait is illustrated in seven contributions written by Hjelholt's collaboration partners and friends. The concluding third section presents a selection of Hjelholt's own articles written over a 35 year period.

Text in English, Greek and Danish. On the occasion of the official visit of Her Majesty the Queen Margrethe 11 to Greece on the 24-25 May 2006, the Danish Institute at Athens has prepared an exhibition about the ongoing activities of the Institute and its academic staff. Through many pictures and few words the exhibition describes these activities. Likewise the scientific and cultural work of the Institute are visualised through the exhibited items, partly from the archaeological excavations, partly from the works of art which are results of the artists' stay at the Danish Institute. This book is based on the contents of the exhibition and includes a preface about the Danes who have worked with Greek archaeology and whose work partly was the preliminary to the foundation of the Institute in 1992.

The Prehistoric Periods is the first volume in a series of publications where the results of the Danish/ Greek excavations 1995 to 2001 in Ancient Chalkis in Aetolia, are published. For the first time ever, stratigraphically excavated deposits from the Final Neolithic, the Early Helladic, Middle Helladic and the Late Helladic periods in Northwestern Greece are published and presented in their proper scientific contexts. In addition to the archaeological contexts geological surveys in the area and studies in the fauna of marine shells and animal bones from the prehistoric layers are submitted. The results are supported by a series of C14 dates.

This book deals with the interrelationship between society and war seen through the analytical eyes of anthropologists and archaeologists. War is a ghastly thing, which unfortunately thrives almost everywhere in the world today. We need, therefore, to have a better understanding of what war does to people and their societies. War produces change, and archaeologists and anthropologists are analytically equipped to pinpoint its direction, patterning, scale and content. The perspective -- and filter -- of time provides one important tool, while context and comparison provide other tools. Looking at the history of war studies, war is quite often perceived of and treated as something set aside from other practices; almost personified. However, the results published in this book allow us to say that it is never autonomous and self-regulating. War always forms part of something else. Numerous questions arise, and at least some answers -- often tentative and multifaceted -- are provided in the twenty-eight studies included in the book. They certainly add to an ongoing debate, hopefully qualifying it as well.

Classical and modern foreign language studies no longer have a well-defined subject area, and language and culture can no longer be defined according to nations and national identities. New approaches are being developed with theoretical and methodological points of departure in new areas of research: for example, culture studies, anthropology, sociology, pragmatics and conversation analyses. The aim of modern language studies must therefore be redefined, and be more open for variation and diversity, both in culture and communication. The book discusses the relation between language and culture and is a direct result of the conference Culture in Language Learning, organised under the auspices of the Danish Language and Culture Network, which assembles researchers from language disciplines in Denmark. The aim is to examine how culture comes into the actual language code; into the use of language; and not least, into the learning and teaching of language. One of the book's main problematic areas thus concerns the learning and teaching of foreign and second languages in a globalised world where languages play a new roll, both for the individual person, by virtue of internationalisation of education and work-life, and for co-operation across national borders. The articles elucidate these problematic points in relation to the historic development of foreign language disciplines, the meeting of language and culture, teaching traditions and language appropriation theories.

Text in English & Spanish. This book on the Chilchos Valley in the northeastern slopes of the Andes in Peru attempts to understand how human activities have changed the landscape in the montane forests during the last 500 years. Settlements and terraces from the Chachapoya and Inca cultures in the Ceja de Selva (high jungle) witness of an ample use in pre-Hispanic times. Later after a drastic declination of the population in the colonial period the Chilchos Valley was forgotten in hundreds of years and then rediscovered and revisited in 1900. Within the stage of rediscovering the valley, new socio-cultural processes of adaptation to the environment began with migrations from the Sierra. This book includes archaeological, historical, sociological and botanical studies of a corner of Peru, which has hitherto not been given much scientific attention.