Far from being the sole mode of explaining, explanation in terms of – mostly probabilistic – causes has nourished a wide debate addressing diseases, what produces them and how. Focusing on causal explanations involves, in turn, getting deeper into conceptions of causation, modelling, and control, and presents a range of relevant issues for research and clinical contexts. The aim of the volume is two-fold. In the first place, its purpose is to stress core features, differences and interactions between various theories belonging to, on the one hand, the mechanical and neo-mechanical approach to explanation, and, on the other hand, the interventionist approach, testing their suitability in medicine. In the second place, and related to the first, a form of pluralism is advocated which is grounded on a deep analysis of specific features of explanatory contexts in the health sciences, especially in cancer and mental health studies.

A critique of rationalism, this book aims to explain both its powerful contributions to mathematics and the physical sciences, where our arithmetical, geometrical, and mechanical intuitions have had a highly productive role in the development of pure theory, and its disastrous failures in cosmology and the moral sciences. In these supposed sciences, rationalism has all but destroyed the social conscience of the West by creating the disastrous political philosophy of neoliberalism. To reset our moral compasses, we must develop new, socially just versions of the old welfare states. And to restore democracy we must return to Keynesian economic management.

Should we blame our neighbour for forgetting to water our plants? To what extent are people responsible for the consequences of their actions? When is it fair to condemn a wrongdoer? Practical philosophy has a long-standing interest in the mechanisms that drive responsibility ascriptions (how and why should we hold people responsible?), and in the conditions that make those ascriptions legitimate (when is it fair to do so?). By default, healthy adults whose behaviour is interpretable by reference to their psychological makeup are held responsible for their actions. However, in the last few decades in particular, the scope and meaning of the notion of responsibility have been targeted by growing scepticism. In its first part, this volume explores and discusses the most promising accounts of responsibility emerging in the philosophical debate on the topic. In the second part, the book outlines a novel proposal about the enabling conditions, the meaning and the intersubjective role of responsibility ascriptions.

Steven Pinker’s book 'Enlightenment Now' establishes that great progress has been made on the aims of the European Enlightenment. However, the minds of many economists, moralists and political thinkers in the West are still set firmly in the eighteenth century. Progress has been due mainly to the physical scientific revolutions of the 19th and 20th centuries, and the industrial revolutions they generated. A new enlightenment is needed to overcome this poverty of social theory, and bring our economists and political theorists up to date in the socially connected, commercially integrated and existentially threatened world of the 21st century.

This book stresses the importance of returning to David Hume’s political thought, focusing on his ideas about the origin of government and political obedience, and his vision of the ideals of liberty, property, political stability, and moderation, all of which represent a precious source of inspiration for the development of political conservatism. Spartaco Pupo outlines the principle, counter-revolutionary features that characterise Hume’s conservatism: political realism; mistrust of sudden and violent innovations; scepticism toward abstractions; opposition to rationalist arrogance; respect for custom and institutional continuity; the need for the preservation of stability; rejection of ideological rhetoric, sectarianism, and dogmatism; constant denial of intellectual subsidies; and the defence of the national interest. In so doing, Pupo argues that Hume’s ‘sceptical’ and ‘secular’ version of conservatism – the fi rst to appear on the political scene of modernity – differs signifi cantly from the Anglo-American conservatism that was to arise a few decades after his death, in the wake of Edmund Burke’s writings.

The present volume compiles translations of hitherto neglected texts in Asian philosophical traditions, along with several critical essays dealing with the philosophical issues of translating them into western languages. As the inaugural volume to a proposed series dedicated to making hidden primary sources of Asian philosophies available to the wider audience in western academia and beyond, this book treats diverse primary sources written by a broad range of thinkers from various historical periods and intellectual traditions, including the Indian, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese, among others. The translations, accompanied by critical essays, will shed light on major philosophical movements as Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism and others, thereby demonstrating multilayered development of intellectual traditions in Asia.

In most Western university studies, Greek philosophy is considered the most ancient kind of wisdom, but the Zoroastrian way of life can be traced back to the second millennium BC. The Gathas, hymns or songs attributed to Zarathustra, hold an existential and practical philosophy avant la lettre. It is based on mental exercises and on rituals that have survived thanks to the Zoroastrian religious communities. Not only does the Persian thinker unveil a mental wisdom for us; he also introduces us to an ecological concern and a social practice. There is a cosmopolite dimension to Zarathustra’s proto-philosophy that we can all apply in a personal way.

The world of the image has traditionally been considered as different and separate from the real world. This separation has been ensured by some kind of framing device, be it the pedestal of a statue, the frame of a painting, or the cinema screen. However, recent developments in image-making techniques have resulted in the production of hyper-realistic, immersive, and interactive virtual environments that make the threshold between image and reality blur, thus eliciting in the experiencer a strong feeling of being incorporated into a quasi-real world. This book introduces the concept of “un-framing” as a key to understanding this radically new iconoscape.

The history of knowledge is a dynamic field of research with bright prospects. In recent years it has been established as an exciting, forward-looking field internationally, with a strong presence in the Nordic countries. Forms of Knowledge is the first publication by the Lund Centre for the History of Knowledge (LUCK). The volume brings together some twenty historians from different scholarly traditions to develop the history of knowledge. The knowledge under scrutiny here is the sort which people have regarded and valued as knowledge in various historical settings. The authors apply different perspectives to this knowledge, maintaining the historicity and situatedness of the production and circulation of knowledge. The book presents the history of knowledge in all its rich diversity. The role of knowledge in the public life is the focus of some chapters, while others concentrate on the importance of knowledge for individuals or local communities; some chart the realities of academic or systematic knowledge, others consider its existential or mundane dimensions. Taken together, they make a significant contribution to the theoretical, conceptual, and methodological advances in the field.

This book collects Adornian contributions on different trends, genres and artists belonging to the broad and complex and in-itself-articulated field of popular music. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Adorno’s death, this book aims to represent an important contribution for the international community of Adorno scholars and, additionally, for scholars of both philosophy and musicology in general, in order to assess and celebrate the persistent actuality of Adorno’s contribution to the understanding of popular music in the context of the dynamics and processes of the culture industry. But the book also aims to critically rethink some of the main concepts and themes of Adorno's influential philosophy of music and thus to develop it at a further level, also intersecting it with other philosophical perspectives or adapting it when necessary to the partially changed conditions of popular music in our time in comparison to his epoch.

Philosophical News is the official publication of the European Society for Moral Philosophy. It is a semi-annual journal of philosophy born from the collaboration of a number of international scholars as well as an intense editorial effort. The aim of the journal is to promote research and reflection with special regard to the contemporary debate in all its different cultural manifestations.

The articles collected in this volume share a very similar goal: to decolonize our understanding of antiquity, thus allowing modernity to converse with antiquity without constraining the latter to be either the direct precedent or the thoroughly other of the former. It is certainly true that the past is a foreign country. However, history has repeatedly demonstrated that colonialism never contributed to mutual understanding and constructive exchange of ideas, and that such is the dialogue we should strive forthwith our contemporaries as well as with our ancestors.

When images look like something they do so because they are different from what they resemble. This difference is not sufficiently captured by the traditional theories of representation and mimesis, and yet it is the condition for any such theory. Various contemporary image theorists have pointed out that Plato already understood that images are not what they look like. Images have their own existence, which cannot be identified with a concept, but should be examined in terms of actions. This book comprises fifteen articles that investigate what images do, particularly in relation to the disciplines of architecture, design and visual arts. It claims that it is the differentiating power of images—their actions—which constitutes their capacity to look like something they are not, as well as create something that does not yet exist. What Images Do addresses the crucial role that images might play in producing and investigating what we have not yet seen or understood in and of reality.

The essays presented in this volume investigate the relationship between cinema and ontology. This investigation unfolds, on the one hand, through an ontological understanding of cinema, that is, an understanding of the specificity of if its being. On the other hand, it highlights the ways in which cinema can help us to shed some light on the domain of ontology, namely, what exists. The five sections of this volume, each containing a pair of complementary essays, analyse the following topics: the place of cinema in the system of the arts, the connection between cinematic realism and philosophical realism, the transition from analog to digital cinema, the specificity of films made through cell phones, and the representation of non-human animals in films.

In recent decades crime fiction has enjoyed a creative boom. Although, as Alison Young argues in her book Imagining Crime (1996), crime stories remain strongly identified with specific locations, the genre has acquired a global reach, illuminating different corners of the world for the delectation of international audiences. The recent fashion for Nordic noir has highlighted the process by which the crime story may be franchised, as it is transposed from one culture to another. Crime fiction has thus become a vehicle for cultural exchange in the broadest of senses; not only does it move with apparent ease from one country to the next, and in and out of different languages, but it is also reproduced through various cultural media. What is involved in these processes of transference? Do stories lose or gain value? Or are they transformed into something else altogether? How does the crime story that originates in a specific society or culture come to articulate aspects of very different societies and cultures? And what are the repercussions of this cultural permeability?

Socialization in childhood and at a young age is marked, not only by measurable factors such as age, sex, ethnic group, religion or parents’ income, but also by variables such as depression, aggressiveness, inner calm or serenity. It makes all the difference whether a child experiences during their development an atmosphere of acceptance, gladness and emotional warmth, or one of depreciation, indifference and emotional coldness. The atmosphere in which a child is brought up shapes them as people, at least as much as the measurable factors of their social context. By discussing in detail how the atmosphere in the family, the kindergarten or at school can affect a child’s well-being, this book calls for the importance of shaping such atmospheres so to produce a positive influence on children living and learning together.