By October 1943, the German 17th Army had been forced to retreat from the Kuban bridgehead across the Kerch Strait to Crimea. During the following months, the Red Army pushed back the German forces in the southern Ukraine. In November 1943, they eventually cut off the land-based connection of 17th Army through the Perekop Isthmus. Hitler prohibited a sea evacuation of 17th Army because he thought the Red Army could use the Crimean Peninsula to launch air attacks against Romanian oil refineries.In November 1943, the Russian launched a massive amphibious assault at two locations on the eastern coast of the Crimea, but its units were unable to prevent an Axis counterattack that collapsed the southern bridgehead. The Red Army held the bridgehead at Yenikale, from which they launched further offensive operations, culminating in a huge offensive in April 1944.Although the 17th Army bitterly contested every bit of ground, it was unable to stop the advance. Soviet forces reached Kerch on April 11, forcing the 17th Army to retreat towards Sevastopol. The remaining Axis forces in the Crimea were concentrating around the city by the end of the third week of April.The Germans intended to hold Sevastopol as a fortress, as the Russians had done between 1941 and 1942. However, the fortifications of the city had not been restored and the city fell on 9 May.From mid-April, Romanian and German ships undertook a huge and complex evacuation operation. The last phase of the evacuation, following the fall of Sevastopol, saw 37,000 troops transported under constant attacks from Soviet aircraft and shore artillery. Overall around 57,000 men were lost during the evacuation.Fully illustrated with rare and unpublished photos, this is a detailed account of the dogged attempt to retake the Crimea in 1943–44.

Samuel H. Walker was an apprentice carpenter in Washington, D.C. , when the second Seminole War broke out in 1838. He enlisted in a Washington militia unit and went to Florida. Upon the expiration of the unit’s service, he was employed in the construction of the railroad from Mobile to Pensacola. Upon the completion of his labors, he removed to Texas where he joined the ill-fated Mier Expedition in 1842, being subsequently imprisoned by the Mexican authorities for two years, during which time he developed an intense hatred for his captors. Upon his release, he returned to Texas and joined the Texas Rangers. When war broke between the United States and Mexico in 1846, Walker joined the 1st Regiment of Texas Mounted Rifle Volunteers before, at the request of General Zachary Taylor, forming his own company of scouts. He subsequently returned to the Texas Mounted Rifles and was elected lieutenant colonel of the regiment.His term of service with Texas finished, he was commissioned as a captain in the U.S. Mounted Rifles and journeyed north to recruit his company. During this time, he met Samuel Colt. His discussions with Colt resulted in the Walker Colt pistol. His company filled, Walker returned to Mexico and the scene of battle. There, in 1847 Walker led a furious charge against the remnants of the Mexican dictator Santa Ana’s army in which he was mortally wounded by a Mexican sniper.Based upon archival materials including Walker’s own letters—he was a well-educated man and wrote extremely descriptive accounts of his experiences—this is the first in-depth biography of Walker.

So much has been written about Gettysburg, goes the well-worn cliché, that there is nothing new left to write. Now in paperback, The Second Day at Gettysburg: The Attack and Defense of Cemetery Ridge, July 2, 1863, by David L. Shultz and Scott L. Mingus Sr. aptly demonstrates that there is indeed still much to learn about the war’s largest and bloodiest battle.Based upon a faulty early-morning reconnaissance, General Robert E. Lee decided to attack up the Emmitsburg Road in an effort to collapse the left flank of General George Meade’s Army of the Potomac and decisively defeat it. The effort got underway when General James Longstreet’s First Corps troops crushed General Sickles’ Peach Orchard salient and turned north and east to drive deeply into the Union rear. A third Confederate division under Richard Anderson, part of A. P. Hill’s Third Corps, joined in the attack, slamming one brigade after another into the overstretched Union line stitched northward along the Emmitsburg Road. The bloody fighting stair-stepped its way up Cemetery Ridge, tearing open a large gap in the center of the Federal line that threatened to split the Union army in two. The fate of the Battle of Gettysburg hung in the balance.Despite the importance of the position, surprisingly few Union troops were available to defend the yawning gap on the ridge. Major General Winfield S. Hancock’s Second Corps had been reduced to less than one division when his other two were sucked southward to reinforce the collapsing Third Corps front. Reprising Horatio at the Bridge, the gallant commander cobbled together a wide variety of infantry and artillery commands and threw them into the action, refusing to yield even one acre of ground. The long and intense fighting included hand-to-hand combat and the personal heroics of which legends are made.Veteran Gettysburg authors Shultz and Mingus merge their subject matter expertise and keen understanding of the complex undulating terrain and physical features to produce the most detailed study of this action ever written. In addition to demonstrating how the fighting on the far Union left directly affected the combat to come in the center of General Meade’s line, the authors also address some of the most commonly overlooked aspects of the fighting: what routes did some of the key units take to reach the front? What could the commanders actually see, and when could they see it? How did the fences, roads, farms, trees, ravines, creeks, and others obstacles directly affect tactical decisions, and ultimately the battle itself?Based upon extensive research and graced with dozens of photographs and detailed original maps, The Second Day at Gettysburg offers a balanced, compelling, and ultimately satisfying account of one of the most overlooked and yet important aspects of the defining battle of the American Civil War.

The Vikings in the Hebrides provides an introduction to the Viking colonization and Norse occupation of the Outer Hebrides. Our knowledge of this period in the Hebrides has until recently been minimal as the historic evidence was negligible and the archaeology limited. However, two recent excavations at Bornais and Cille Pheadair have transformed our understanding of the period in the region. These two excavations will provide much of the information that is set out in this book but there is also a comprehensive review of other important discoveries such as the Lewis Chessmen, the burial at Cnip, Lewis and the silver hoards from Stornoway Castle and Dibidale in Lewis.The excavations at Bornais have transformed our understanding of the Norse settlement of the North Atlantic. It is possible to chart the evolution of domestic houses from the Viking longhouse to the post-medieval croft, to analyze the distribution of finds on the house floors and to critically assess gender relationships over this long period.The excavations have also produced large quantities of finds that demonstrate the links between the Western Isles and the wider world. These include important assemblages of bone combs and comb making debris, which enable a discussion of craft production and the fluctuating relationship of the Hebrides, the Irish Sea zone and Scandinavia. The presence of exotic green porphyry from Greece, amber, Ringerike art, pottery from the Bristol Channel, coins from Scandinavia, England and the Low Countries all provide opportunities to contextualise the settlements and the region in the wider medieval world.This book places the Outer Hebrides at the center of the Viking World and provides a unique contribution to our understanding of the islands’ importance at the critical period when Scotland was emerging as a major medieval kingdom.

“Fills a void in the comparative study of foreign policy…. Jesse’s book systematically analyzes the differing foreign policies of states, allowing [students] to assess the practical decisions made by states and their foreign policy decisionmakers” —Timothy J. White, Xavier University"Neal Jesse's book stands out within the study of comparative foreign policy, providing an 'outside in' rather than 'inside out' take on how states formulate and pursue their foreign policy objectives. Jesse places a premium on the rank hierarchy of states as a conditioning factor that shapes not only behaviors but also interests. The result is a rich depiction of how the prevailing global order affects the conduct of foreign policy across a cross-section of states." ―Michael Butler, Clark UniversityClearly written, authoritative, pedagogically sound ... This new text effectively links cases and theory to provide students with a thorough understanding of the ways that foreign policy is crafted and carried out in diverse countries around the world. Grounding his approach in dominant IR theories—and ranging from great powers to small states—Neal Jesse provides the comparative perspective needed to make clear the connections between theory and practice in the conduct of foreign affairs.

Imagine walking among and learning about 130 ancient cities in 25 countries across the world: from the Mediterranean to the Middle East, from Asia to the Americas. Some are world heritage sites, accessible to tens of thousands of visitors each year, and some are remote and seldom seen. But each ancient city from the distant past conveys a special place in the history of human civilization, and each presents its own story and sense of place. In Unforgotten: Ancient Cities from a Distant Past, William Frej presents 200 duotone photographs of these ancient cities that are simply unforgettable, capturing as they do their allure, their beauty, their spirit and resonating sense of space. Anne Frej, in her elegant introduction, sets the table for the personal journey that awaits every reader—a journey into deep history and magical architecture and geographical splendor that speaks to us today. And Michael E. Smith, a noted scholar and author, writes about the lessons to be learned from these ancient cities, including his insights into the various urban traditions behind the building of the cities and why their histories remain poignant.As readers explore the ruins and remnants of these amazing ancient cities, a sense of awe and wonder is ever-present. Yet so is the knowledge that human civilization and life on Earth, no matter how grand, is tenuous and fragile. Even as these places reached their apogee and influence in the distant past, there are reasons why these places were abandoned and replaced. So let your curiosity wander as you turn each page, for you will see in words and pictures why they should not be forgotten.

In Aldo Leopold’s Shack: Nina’s Story, Nancy Nye Hunt tells the remarkable tale of the famous Leopold family’s efforts to restore a worn-out farm along the lower Wisconsin River near Baraboo in the 1930s during the Great Depression and into the 1940s. Aldo Leopold, the world-renowned ecologist and conservationist—along with Estella, his wife, and their five children and two dogs, Gus and Flick—spent most weekends and vacations living and working at their Sand County farm that they called the Shack, now a National Historic Landmark that is also listed on both the National and Wisconsin Registers of Historic Places.Told through the eyes of Nina, the eldest daughter, details of life at the Shack unfold seasonally. Along the way, readers learn about the family’s many experiences and adventures: healing the land and converting an old chicken coop into a cabin (the “Shack”); restoring prairies and improving woodlands; planting gardens, collecting firewood, and tending orchards; observing animal tracks, bird migrations, and times when plants bloom; cooking meals over an open fire; singing the family’s old Spanish songs from New Mexico, where Estella was born and raised and had deep Spanish roots, and having great fun walking, swimming, canoeing, cross-country skiing, and playing tracking games.While at the Shack, Aldo and his family also recorded scientific observations in their “Shack journals.” These journals became the basis of Aldo’s 1949 landmark book, A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here and There. That book continues to inspire people today with its call for a land ethic in everyday life. Visiting the Shack, as thousands of people from all over the world do every year, is the equivalent of seeking out Henry David Thoreau’s Walden Pond as a pilgrimage site and source of inspiration.Using interviews with Nina and the Leopold family and relying on the original Shack journals, historic family photographs, and her extensive field experiences over dozens of years, Hunt has captured the spirit of this special place as no other book previously has. Here, readers discover Nina’s story of growing up at the Shack and learn about the family’s favorite recipes and songs as well as genealogical information all that go back centuries. And the blending of Nina’s story with 161 historic and contemporary photographs of life at the Shack, maps, and original pencil drawings of wildlife all provide for a transformative reading experience.First published in 2011 and now presented in an updated and greatly expanded new edition, including 38 new illustrations, 32 additional pages, and a new field trip to the Shack, readers will be able to appreciate and better understand Aldo’s famous concepts—the land ethic and phenology—that continue to influence our lives today. This book is a unique tribute and introduction to one of the world’s greatest conservationists and his family and how one place—the Shack—can help shape the world.

Louis de Wet (1930–2018) was an artistphilosopher born in South Africa. Over the course of his life, he created a significant body of meticulously crafted drawings and paintings, using the techniques of the Old Masters to express a contemporary world. This publication, authored by his wife Gabrielle Drake, brings together de Wet’s full catalogue of works with detailed biographical information and recollections from those who knew and worked with him. In 1983, along with his wife, de Wet bought Wenlock Abbey in Shropshire, part of an eleventhcentury priory that was the daughter house of the great Burgundian abbey of Cluny. Considering the house to be his destiny, de Wet served it faithfully, restoring and refurbishing it over the course of thirtyfive years. Wenlock Abbey helped develop de Wet’s artistic vision, substantiating his belief that the best from the past should inform, but not inhibit the future. He enhanced the fabric of the abbey with his own artworks, including a complete scheme of frescoed images of Old and New Testament figures in the chapel, as well as designs for the carved capitals of the oak screen he had inserted there. These capitals are a geographical biography, each carving showing a place of significance in de Wet’s life.This book takes the capitals as its guide, and is organised around the places de Wet lived in during the course of his life: Africa, London, Paris and Wenlock Abbey. Each section starts with pictures of the relevant capital, and includes a biographical overview written by Gabrielle Drake and reproductions of de Wet’s drawings and paintings from that period. There are also facsimiles of his Parisian sketchbook and his fastidiously compiled paint colour book.In additional text contributions, local architectural historian Vivien Bellamy details her personal recollections of de Wet and his extraordinary vision for the house; the architect Andrew Arrol outlines his renovation work on the property; and Christophe Voros, the Director of the Fédération des Sites Clunisiens, recalls his first meeting with de Wet and Gabrielle in 2000, as well as their long collaboration together.Louis de Wet (1930–2018) was born in South Africa and studied at the Beaux Arts and La Grande Chaumière, Paris, before taking British citizenship and settling in London. He remained there for thirty years, drawing, painting, studying and developing his ideas in his studio while travelling extensively around Europe and showing his work in various exhibitions. In 1983, along with his wife, de Wet bought Wenlock Abbey in Shropshire, which he faithfully restored until his death in 2018. It is now home to the Louis de Wet Foundation, which was established to preserve the abbey and offer cultural opportunities.

The botanical drawings of the American naturalist William Bartram.

"Mandel rightfully challenges the conventional wisdom that AI is limited to efficiency enhancements or low-level cognitive tasks and offers a commendable focus on the political and bureaucratic challenges in early warning systems." —Michael Frank, Seldon StrategiesFrom the September 11 attacks to the coronavirus pandemic, recent deficiencies in early warning systems have been jolting, reflecting startling failures of intelligence and security decisionmaking. Can technological innovation remedy the flaws in threat detection? If so, how? Robert Mandel argues that the answer lies in a hybrid system—"human-in-the-loop" artificial intelligence—and demonstrates through diverse case studies when and how such a system can facilitate the right security-maximizing choices to meet both intelligence and defense needs.

In the rich archives of the Leiden Museum of Antiquities lies a fascinating manuscript dealing with the autopsy on an Ancient Egyptian mummy. This was performed in 1878 by the Museum’s curator Willem Pleyte. Thanks to Pleyte’s detailed procès-verbal, the mummy (which did not survive the dissection) can be reconstructed at least on paper. The name of the deceased has been inscribed on the mummy’s cartonnage, on some of the linen bandages, and on the Book of the Dead papyrus retrieved by Pleyte from the mummy wrappings. Several other items had been slipped between the wrappings, such as an amuletic necklace and various pieces of funerary jewellery. Together with textile samples of the diverse shrouds and bandages, all these finds have been preserved in the Museum’s reserves.This rich documentation allows us to recognize this assemblage as the remains of an elite burial in Ptolemaic Thebes. The texts identify its owner as a priest called Djedhor, the son of Neferibre and Takerheb. Comparable mummies and funerary objects in other museums in Europe, Egypt and the United States help to interpret the various items found on Djedhor’s mummy. Moreover, we can thereby visualise the additional material once present in the tomb, such as the mummy’s coffins, canopic chest, stela, and Ptah-Sokar-Osiris statue. Finally, the common acquisition history of all these items points to the original location of Djedhor’s tomb and suggests through whose hands his remains must have passed on their way to Leiden.

The book of Chronicles has received a revival in recent scholarship, making it one of the most studied books, and this is especially true from 1 Chronicles 10 onwards—ignoring the genealogies of 1 Chronicles 1-9. Yet, when the Chronicler incorporated these lists into his book, he designed them with a deliberate and sophisticated literary design according to his purposes. In “And the Records are Ancient,” Klein exposes these designs in all their glory and shows the great richness inherent in seemingly boring texts.

This new book covers the Austro-Italian Naval War 1866 a little-known part of late 19th C naval history. The Battle of Lissa took place on 20 July 1866. It was the first major sea battle between ironclads and one of the last to involve deliberate ramming. The background, operations and outcomes are described in detail. All the ships involved, both Austrian and Italian, are described and illustrated with full technical specifications. Profusely illustrated with scale drawings and photos.

This new photo album is number 35 in the MMPBooks/Stratus "Camera On" series and vol. 2 features over 160 photographs of captured and destroyed Soviet aircraft from the Eastern Front in World War Two. Most of the photographs were taken in situ, during and after the Operation Barbarossa - the attempted Nazi invasion of Russia.