The final report of excavations undertaken by the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. The fort dates from the late fifth to early seventh centuries and was the first such fort to have been fully investigated. It was a small but strategically placed military installation which provided evidence for the late antique military system and the daily life of traders and travellers. The preservation conditions in the dry sand resulted in some remarkable finds and interesting zooarchaeological records.

The structures, building techniques, distribution of finds, function of the complex and parallels with similar sites. NO FICHE LEFT

Bernard Ashmole (1894-1988) was one of the outstanding classical archaeologists of the 20th century and a world authority on ancient Greek sculpture. His first post was as Director of the British School at Rome, and he went on to hold the posts of Professor at University College, London, and keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum. After holding the Lincoln Professorship of Classical Art and Archaeology at Oxford, Ashmole spent much of his retirement as adviser to John Paul Getty on the purchase of Greek and Roman antiquities for his museum in Malibu. This autobiography was written at the behest of his grandchildren, and recounts both his fascinating experiences as a scholar and his armed service in both World Wars. Also included are a full bibliography of Ashmole's published writings, an Appreciation' by Martin Robertson, and essays on Ashmole and the British Museum' by I Jenkins and `The Ashmole Archive at King's College, London' by G Waywell.

Seneca (ca 1 B.C.-A. D. 65) sets his Troades in the immediate aftermath of the fall of Troy. The Trojan women (the troades) were to become the prizes of the victorious Greeks. As the play opens, their husbands and sons dead, their city in ruins, they wait, lamenting, to be allotted to their new masters. But before the Greek warriors sail home with their spoils, further horrors are in store. Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, demands the sacrifice of the Trojan princess Polyxena as a blood offering to his dead father. And the prophet Calchas decrees that the little son of Hecuba, wife of the Trojan prince and hero Hector, must be slaughtered. In this cruel situation the thoughts, actions and reactions of both sides, Greek men and Trojan women, create the unfolding drama. The themes of power, culture, freedom, delusion, history and death make Troades a brilliant piece of theatre, whose concerns speak as directly now as they did to the spectacular, histrionic and self-consuming world of early imperial Rome. The English translation, like that of Boyle's earlier Phaedra edition, is printed facing the Latin and aims at verbal and stylistic fidelity. The introduction and detailed commentary fill in the play's background for students of Latin and of Roman civilisation, and for the generally interested reader.

Centre & Periphery in the Hellenistic World

The Roman defended site at Caister, hitherto viewed as a small town, can now be seen as an early coastal fort probably contemporary with Reculver and Brancaster, both of which appear in the Notitia Dignitatum as forts of the Saxon shore. The Caister fort is of earlier Roman type, with a defensive wall backed up by an earthen rampart. Finds indicate occupation by cavalry from the early 3rd century to later 4th century, although specifically late military equipment is absent. The site was unoccupied until the Middle Saxon period, when outside the walls an extensive cemetery developed which was in use from the 8th to 11th centuries. Several burials containing rows of clench nails indicate that parts of boats were used as coffin lids or biers. Further burials were recorded within the fort itself, and both cemeteries exhibit Christian characteristics. It is likely that they were associated with a church, perhaps a minster. Was Caister, rather than Burgh Castle, Fursa's monastery of Cnobheresburg?

Up to the eighteenth century, the Latin biblical epic poets of late antiquity were much read, and were influential on various strands within European poetry. Milton's Paradise Lost is the culmination of the English branch of the tradition. Renewed scholarly interest in the literature of the late Roman period has included a revaluation of its biblical poetry. But attention has been concentrated on the rhetorical skill of the writers; in terms of content it is still often assumed that biblical epic is a straightforward rendering of the bible narrative. Doctrine and Exegesis in Biblical Latin Poetry throws light on an important but under-explored aspect of the content of these works. In a thorough study of how two areas of doctrine significant in late antiquity - the nature of God, and the theory of creation - are represented in the biblical epics, Daniel Nodes shows that the poets were actively commenting on, and propagating particular views of, the vital doctrinal issues of their time. The writers represented in this volume range in time from the fourth to the sixth centuries: the female poet Proba (whose Virgilian Cento is one of the earliest examples of biblical epic), Cyprianus Gallus, Hilarius poeta , Claudius Marius Victorius, the north-African Dracontius, and Avitus, Bishop of Vienne. The author draws on the works of the Church Fathers, both Greek and Latin, and on Jewish exegetical writings. The book should interest students of later Latin literature, church history, and theology and exegesis.

Excavations that demonstrate the changing fortunes of a stone-built villa from the 2nd century to at least AD 360.

This edition of this journal contains eight articles.

The discovery of the Thetford treasure (a spectacular hoard of late Roman gold and silver jewellery), a mass of late Roman finds from metal detecting and a striking multiple enclosure cropmark led to the decision to excavate 5ha of this site in advance of development. The principal use of the site belongs to the Iron Age and Early Roman period, ending in the mid 60s AD. A series of hilltop enclosures dating back to the Middle Iron Age is replaced, at about the time of the Roman conquest, by a single substantial circular building within a double-ditched enclosure, surrounded by smaller peripheral enclosures containing possible graves. A rapid period of expansion follows as the main enclosure is massively enlarged, further circular buildings appear and the space between the inner and outer ditches is packed with rows of upright timbers. Most, if not all, of the extra-mural features are swept away. By the mid 60s AD the site had been dismantled perhaps demolished in the aftermath of the Boudiccan revolt. The major investment of resources over a relatively short time indicates the importance of this grand and unusual site. Evidence for agricultural production and domestic occupation is scarce, compared to metal-working debris, including coin moulds. The author argues that this exceptional site in its final form a two-storied Romano-Celtic temple within an extensive 'artificial oak grove' was a uniquely important religious, tribal and ceremonial centre for the Iceni.

The guide focuses on "Archanes" an important archeological site of the Minoan civilisation. In this guide the archeologists John and Efi Sakellarakis, present the excavations they have conducted in the site. With this guide at hand one can visit the parts of the splendid palace which are preserved amongst the houses of the modern town, the impressive cemetery complex at the neighbouring area Phourni as well as the Anemospilia excavations which have revealed sensational evidence of a human sacrifice.

The early Roman empire took a militaristic attitude towards its neighbours, but by the reign of Justinian a complex stance had evolved in which military force was tempered by diplomacy. Covering the period from the Peace of Nisibis in 299 to the death of Anastasius in 518, the author traces the development of the diplomatic element in late East Roman foreign policy from a mere adjunct or epilogue to war, into something with the capacity of being an alternative for war. Offers a detailed narrative history of the military and diplomatic activity in this field.

This volume presents the evidence uncovered by the BSR between 1965 and 1974 for the Iron Age city of Silvium and for the Roman settlement that succeeded it. It concentrates especially on the defences of the city of the late 4th century BC which were partially destroyed by the Romans in 307 or 306 BC and on the economic and social transformations of the middle 2nd century BC.